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Публикации: Open Veterinary Journal
Open Veterinary Journal. 2018. Vol. 8(1): 40-46
ISSN: 2226-4485 (Print) Available online at https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/volume-8-no-1-2018
ISSN: 2218-6050 (Online) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ovj.v8i1.7
Genetic analysis of maternal and paternal lineages in Kabardian horses by
uniparental molecular markers
Aliy-bek D. Khaudov , Astemir S. Duduev , Zaur A. Kokov , Khazhismel K. Amshokov ,
Mohamed Kh. Zhekamukhov , Alexander M. Zaitsev and Monika Reissmann
Institute of Chemistry and Biology, Kabardino-Balkarian State University, Chernyshevskovo 173, 360004 Nalchik, Russia
Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Kabardino-Balkarian State University, Chernyshevskovo 173, 360004, Nalchik, Russia
Kabardino-Balkarian Research Institute of Agriculture, Kirova 224, 360004 Nalchik, Russia
All-Russian Research Institute of Horse Breeding, Ryazan region, Rybnoye district, 391105 Divovo, Russia
Abrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute for Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt University, Unter den
Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany
Abstract
Studies of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) as well as the non-recombining part of the Y chromosome help to understand the origin
and distribution of maternal and paternal lineages. The Kabardian horse from Northern Caucasia which is well-known for
strength, stamina and endurance in distance riding has a large gap in its breeding documentation especially in the recent
past. A 309 bp fragment of the mitochondrial D-loop (156 Kabardian horses) and six mutations in Y chromosome (49 Kabardian
stallions), respectively, were analyzed to get a better insight into breeding history, phylogenetic relationship to related breeds,
maternal and paternal diversity and genetic structure. We found a high mitochondrial diversity represented by 64 D-loop haplo-
types out of 14 haplogroups. The most frequent haplogroups were G (19.5%), L (12.3%), Q (11.7%), and B (11.0%). Although these
four haplogroups are also frequently found in Asian riding horses (e.g. Buryat, Kirghiz, Mongolian, Transbaikalian, Tuvinian)
the percentage of the particular haplogroups varies sometimes remarkable. In contrast, the obtained haplogroup pattern
from Kabardian horse was more similar to that of breeds reared in the Middle East. No speci c haplotype cluster was observed
in the phylogenetic tree for Kabardian horses. On Kabardian Y chromosome, two mutations were found leading to three
haplotypes with a percentage of 36.7% (haplotype HT1), 38.8% (haplotype HT2) and 24.5% (haplotype HT3), respectively.The high
mitochondrial and also remarkable paternal diversity of the Kabardian horse is caused by its long history with a widely spread
maternal origin and the introduction of Arabian as well as Thoroughbred in uenced stallions for improvement. This high genetic
diversity provides a good situation for the ongoing breed development and performance selection as well as avoiding inbreeding.
Keywords: Genetic diversity, Mitochondrial DNA, Phylogenetic analysis, Y chromosome.
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